There are two types of management development techniques i.e. 

  1. On the job management development
  2. Off the job management development
  1. On the job management development: On the job management development includes the following development methods.
    1. Job rotation: It means moving management trainees from department to department to broaden their understanding of all parts of the business and to test their abilities. The advantages of this method are: It develops the links between departments, develops employee’s flexibility to undertake different types of activities.
    2. Coaching: Under this method, the trainee is guided actively by senior managers. The coach gives guidance through direction, advice criticism and suggestion in an attempt to aid the growth of an employee (trainee).The disadvantages of this method are there is a possibility of continuing the current management style and practices in an organization, heavy reliance on coach’s ability etc.
    3. Under study assignment: Under this technique, the potential managers are given opportunity to relieve (ease) an experienced manager of his/her job and act as his/her substitute during the Through this method, an individual get opportunity to see the job in total in short period.
    4. Committee learning/action learning: Under this technique, a group of people or team is assigned and gives an opportunity share in managerial decision making, to learn by watching other and to investigate specific organizational problems. This is temporary in nature, however, it increases trainees’ exposure to other members, broadens his /her understanding and provides an opportunity to grow and make recommendation under the scrutiny of other committee members.
  2. Off the job management development: It includes the following methods.
    1. Lecture courses: Different universities and colleges are providing training and development to suit particular organizational needs. This formal lecture courses offer an opportunity for manger or potential mangers to acquire knowledge and develop their conceptual and analytical abilities. This is a popular method of bringing all participants up to a common level knowledge.
    2. Transactional analysis: It is both an approach for defining and analyzing communication interaction between people and theory of personality. The basic foundation of this analysis is that personality consists of three egos state they are the parent ego, the child ego and the adult ego.
      • Parent ego: It is an ego state of authority and superiority. A person acting in a parent state is usually dominant, scolding and The parent state act what he/she was taught so the attitude and behavior is incorporated from external sources.
      • Child ego: The child consists of tall the forces and emotion that are The person at this state can be obedient or manipulative, charming at one moment and repulsive the next. The child is emotional and act according to how he/she feels at the moment.
      • Adult ego: The adult ego state is objective and rational. It always seeks for information, analyze it and then only show its behavior .It deals with reality and think before acting.

             3. Simulation: Simulation includes role play, case studies and decision (management) games.

  • Role play: Role playing is acting on a specific situation. The aim of role playing is to create a realistic situation and then have the trainees assumed the part of specific person in that situation.
  • Case studies: Under this technique, trainees study the cases of determined problems (taken from the actual experiences of organizations) analyze the causes, develop alternative solutions, select what they believe to be the best solution and implement it. It encourages discussion among participants as well as excellent opportunities for individual to defend their analytical and judgmental abilities.
  • Decision (management) games: Under this technique, the computer management games are used, which creates the real business situation. The team of member or trainee makes decision by analyzing such Management games can be a good development tools.People learns best by being involved. The trainees develop their problem-solving skills as well as to focus attention on planning rather than just executing activities.

            4.Sensitivity training: Under this method, members are brought together in a free and open environment in which participants discuss themselves. They express their ideas, beliefs and attitudes. The objective of sensitivity training is to provide manger s with increased awareness of their own behaviors and of how others perceive them greater sensitivity to the behavior of others and increased of group (It helps to increase the ability to understand other’s behaviors, improved listening skills, greater openness, increase tolerance for individual differences and improved conflict resolution skills.)