Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation

  1. Extrinsic motivation: It is external in nature, money related and is provided by management to E.g. pay, incentive, benefits etc. Usually, extrinsic motivation is short-term.
  2. Intrinsic motivation: It is job related motivation. It is a sense of satisfaction on job. It can be achieved through job enrichment, participation, and management by objective.

Positive and Negative Motivation:

  1. Positive Motivation: It is the reward based motivation which tires to create willingness to perform It improves performance, increase mutual cooperation and develops trust between employees and management. Positive motivation may take the form of monetary, nonmonetary or both. Examples Monetary Incentive:- pay increment, cash reward, bonus payment, leave with pay, profit sharing scheme, retirement benefit and Non monetary Incentive:- promotion, participation in decision-making ,recognition, autonomy or freedom to work, challenging work.
  2. Negative Motivation: Negative motivation means the act of forcing employees to work by means of threat and punishment. It involves disciplinary actions. Examples: Monetary: - fines, penalties, pay cut, Non-monetary:- demotion, threat of dismissal from job, transfer to remote areas, and group rejection. Since, this is not good practice. However, sometimes manager may be compelled to use this technique with a view to prevent them from undesirable behavior.