What is Cyber security?

Cybersecurity is the practice of protecting systems, networks, data, and digital devices from unauthorized access, attacks, damage, or theft.

In simple words: it’s about keeping computers, smartphones, servers, and the internet safe from hackers, viruses, and other digital threats.

Key Aspects of Cybersecurity

1. Confidentiality → Ensuring only authorized people can access information.
2. Integrity → Making sure data is accurate and not tampered with.
3. Availability → Ensuring systems and data are accessible when needed.
4. (Together, these form the CIA triad of cybersecurity.)

Common Areas of Cybersecurity

1. Network Security → Protecting computer networks from intrusions (e.g., firewalls, intrusion detection).
2. Application Security → Securing apps and software from flaws or exploits.
3. Information Security → Safeguarding data (e.g., encryption, access control).
4. Cloud Security → Protecting data stored online (e.g., AWS, Google Cloud).
5. Endpoint Security → Securing devices like laptops, mobiles, IoT.
6. Operational Security → Policies and processes that protect digital assets.

Types of Cyber Threats

1. Malware (viruses, worms, ransomware, spyware)
2. Phishing (fake emails/websites to steal data)
3. Denial-of-Service (DoS/DDoS) attacks
4. Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) attacks
5. SQL injection, XSS (targeting web apps)
6. Insider threats (employees misusing access)

Cybersecurity Measures

1. Strong passwords & authentication (2FA/MFA)
2. Regular software updates & patching
3. Firewalls and antivirus software
4. Data encryption
5. Security awareness training
6. Backup & disaster recovery plans